Unique Columns And Logical Deletion
In tables where reporting or historical information needs to be maintained I find that logical deletion of rows is better than actually deleting the row and any FK relationships. However when one of the columns in the table must be unique this introduces a problem because uniqueness only matters for "active" rows. I'm hoping someone can provide some advice on how to best handle this situation.
Here is an example to work from. Suppose we have a table that contains job positions. The table contains an IDENTITY column for the PK (to avoid duplicating position names), a Name column that must be unique and an IsActive column that is set to 0 when the position has been "deleted". This setup allows for historical reporting to properly pick up the position information even though it might no longer be used in a company. You can substitute your own scenarios here as there are quite a few.
Now if the Name column is marked as a unique column then the DB will enforce integrity which is what we want. However we will want to be able to "delete" a position but later add a new position with the same name. One could argue that we should just "undelete" the original position but that is not often a good idea so assume "undelete" is not an option. Given the unique constraint a new position could not be created if an existing position (active or otherwise) already existed with the same name. We could set up the unique constraint to include the Name and IsActive columns but now we are prevented from ever deleting two positions with the same name.
My initial thought is to create a new UniqueName column that is unique and remove the uniqueness constraint on the Name column. The UniqueName column is set (via a trigger) to the Name column when the position is active. When the position is deleted the trigger changes the UniqueName to include a timestamp or something to ensure uniqueness. This is handled by the system and not exposed to clients.
Any advice or alternatives on this approach (preferably with advantages and disadvantages)? Thanks.
Michael Taylor - 5/31/07
http://p3net.mvps.org
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For Deletion..trigger Is Not Working
Hi, I have this trigger, it is working fine when i add new data but it doesn't work when I delete data from the table? Any idea? Any help will be highly appreciated. CREATE TRIGGER [PROP_AMT] ON [dbo].[cqe_item] FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE AS DECLARE @var_DB_contract INTEGER, @var_CQE INTEGER, @var_PC INTEGER, @var_item VARCHAR(7), @var_AMT_PAID INTEGER, @var_AMT_RET INTEGER, @var_ITEM_NEW VARCHAR(1), @var_quant DECIMAL, @var_fiyr INTEGER, @var_amt_result INTEGER, @var_amt_ret_result INTEGER, @var_amt_old INTEGER, @var_amt_ret_old INTEGER, @var_quant_result INTEGER, @var_quant_new INTEGER, @var_quant_old INTEGER, @Item_new VARCHAR(7), @var_chk varchar(1) --If Exists (Select 1 From Inserted) And Exists (Select 1 From Deleted) set @var_db_contract =(SELECT a.db_contract FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) IF @var_db_contract IS NOT NULL BEGIN SET @var_db_contract=(SELECT a.db_contract FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_cqe=(SELECT a.cqe_numb FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_pc=(SELECT a.pc_code FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_item=(SELECT a.item_no FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_fiyr=(SELECT a.fy_item FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) set @var_chk ="Y" END ELSE BEGIN SET @var_db_contract=(SELECT a.db_contract FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_cqe=(SELECT a.cqe_numb FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_pc=(SELECT a.pc_code FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_item=(SELECT a.item_no FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_fiyr=(SELECT b.fy_item FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) set @var_chk="N" END SET @var_amt_paid=(SELECT a.amt_paid_item FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_amt_old=(SELECT b.amt_paid_item FROM inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no ) SET @var_amt_result =ISNULL(@var_amt_paid,0) - ISNULL(@var_amt_old,0) SET @var_amt_ret = (SELECT a.amt_ret_item from inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no) SET @var_amt_ret_old=(SELECT b.amt_ret_item from inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no) SET @var_amt_ret_result = isnull(@var_amt_ret,0) - isnull(@var_amt_ret_old,0) SET @var_quant_new = (SELECT a.quantity from inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no) SET @var_quant_old =(SELECT b.quantity from inserted a,deleted b where a.db_contract = b.db_Contract and a.cqe_numb = b.cqe_numb and a.pc_code = b.pc_code and a.item_no = b.item_no) SET @var_quant_result = isnull(@var_quant_new,0) - isnull(@var_quant_old,0) SELECT @item_new = new_item FROM VALID_ITEM WHERE DB_CONTRACT = @var_db_contract AND PC_CODE = @var_PC AND ITEM_NO = @var_ITEM UPDATE ae_contract set amt_paid_contr = isnull(amt_paid_contr,0) +@var_amt_result, amt_ret_contr = isnull(amt_ret_contr,0) + @var_amt_ret_result where db_contract = @var_db_contract IF @item_new = 'N' BEGIN update vendor set used_amt = isnull(used_amt,0) + @var_amt_result + @var_amt_ret_result where db_vendor = (select gen_contr from ae_contract where ae_contract.db_contract=@var_db_contract); END UPDATE enc_det set amt_paid_fy = isnull(amt_paid_fy,0) + @var_amt_result, amt_ret_fy = isnull(amt_ret_fy,0) + @var_amt_ret_result where db_contract = @var_db_contract and pc_code = @var_pc and fy = @var_fiyr UPDATE valid_item set tamt_ret_item = isnull(tamt_ret_item,0) + @var_amt_ret_result, tamt_paid_item = isnull(tamt_paid_item,0) + @var_amt_result, qtd = isnull(qtd,0) + @var_quant_result where db_contract = @var_db_contract and pc_code = @var_pc and item_no = @var_item
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