Trigger-Happy

Jul 20, 2005

I am trying to create a very minimal auditing system for a series of
databases.

I am in the process of writing Update triggers for 5 Tablse. I will
write a trigger for each table-the trigger's function will be to
INSERT a row into my MasterChanges table everytime ANY data is changed
in each of the 5 tables.
I have set up MasterChanges to capture the following:

what Table the change was made in
what Field the change was made in
what the Field was changed to
when this change occured.

I have used the Columns_Update() function to enable the trigger to
survey all 22 fields in the first table (my first attempt at this). I
can hardcode in the table's name, as there will be a separate trigger
for each table.
The problem is how to identify the NAME of the COLUMN that was updated
and have the trigger write that NAME into MasterChanges, as well as
the new value of that column.
My first thought is a very unacceptable hardcoding of multiple IF
STATEMENTS for each of the 22 fields.

ie:

IF(colA) then...elseif(colB) then...elseif(colC) then...etc.

There must be a better way to do it

I assume this would be done using Columns_Update() in some way, but
cannot figure it out.
Can anyone help?

Thanks,

Trevor Fairchild

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Trigger Happy ... Not

Aug 29, 2007

Hello Everyone,  I am still learning Sql and need some help with a query.  On the master table, I have an audit log. I have a trigger set up to run after an update.  I only want to perform an update if the value is not true or one record updated will result on 1800 records in you audit log.  I tried to disable and enable the trigger from within the trigger unsuccessfully. So now  I am trying an If statement, in a trigger Maybe this is where you can help ? 
I get the following error  
 
Msg 512, Level 16, State 1, Line 1Subquery returned more than 1 value. This is not permitted when the subquery follows =, !=, <, <= , >, >= or when the subquery is used as an expression.Extract from Trigger.If (Select Discprency from Master_Tablewhere ((Pro1 <> Pro2 and Pro1 <> Pro3) or (Pro2 <> Pro1 and Pro2 <> Pro3) or (Pro3 <> Pro1 and Pro3 <> Pro2) or(Pro1 = Pro2 and Pro1 <> Pro3 and Pro2 <> Pro3) or(Pro1 = Pro3 and Pro1 <> Pro2 and Pro2 <> Pro3) or(Pro2 = Pro3 and Pro1 <> Pro2 and Pro3 <> Pro1))) = 0Begin Update Master_Tableset Discprency = '1'where Discprency = 0EndElseBeginUpdate Master_Tableset Discprency = '0'where Discprency = 1End
 
Thanks for your time.

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Trigger Happy

Mar 29, 2004

Hi Folks,

Just me looking for some advice again on my complicated logon / registration process with DNN.

I ask my users to enter their league membership number as a password - this is then checked in a standalone table of data imported from FoxPro to test whether the membership no. i.e. password is current or not .... this all works fine. I do have a bit of a problem with the initial registration on the site however ...

All membership numbers acutally consist of a league division followed by the membership number so e.g. the member number 6789767 actually consists of two pieces of information - the first character is the league division and 789767 is actually the foxpro member number. So what I do is strip the first character away on sign in and registration when I am testing to see whether the user is a current league member e.g. ...


Dim MemberID As String = objUser.IsMember(Server.HtmlEncode(Mid(txtpassword.Text,2,10)))



This allows me to grab the real membership number out of the password and also helps to stop password guessing as no one will realise the first character is being stripped away. Fine except with the AddUser code in register.ascx.vb .... I don't know why but when I try to strip away the first character in a similar way in this line


Dim UserId As Integer

UserId = objUser.AddUser(PortalId, Server.HtmlEncode(txtFirstName.Text), Server.HtmlEncode(txtLastName.Text), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Unit), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Street), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.City), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Region), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Postal), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Country), Server.HtmlEncode(Address1.Telephone), Server.HtmlEncode(txtEmail.Text), Server.HtmlEncode(txtUsername.Text), objSecurity.Encrypt(_portalSettings.HostSettings("EncryptionKey"), Server.HtmlEncode(Mid(txtPassword.Text,2,10))), IIf(_portalSettings.UserRegistration = 1, CStr(False), CStr(True)), UserId)



well it does the right thing and only adds the password minus the first character to the users table however when the user is pointed back at desktopdefault the users name is not displayed, the additional tabs available to registered users do not appear however the logoff link is active ... strange why this should be so but I can't work out what the problem is. So I was thinking that another way to approach this would be a trigger on the users table so that when a new record is inserted the trigger runs and strips the first character off the password before the password is committed to the table.

Can anyone show me a simple trigger that will do this / comment on why the problem with AddUser occurs .... not au fait with triggers but a trigger could make me happy in this instance I think.

Look forward to a reply

Laura D

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Aug 8, 2007

How am I doing so far? I am trying to Insert the user_id if it does not allready exist in the table. But it does not like the value I am giving it in the INSERT statement.
What can I do?
 ALTER PROCEDURE dbo.ap_Update_Usr_Type_Data

-- define parameters
--@passUserId int

AS

--Set @passUserId = UserId

SELECT [user_id] As UserId
FROM CC_host.dbo.usr_table As t1
Where(email LIKE N'%@%' And email LIKE N'%usa.com') Order By UserId

If Not Exists (Select [user_id] As UserId2 From Usr_Type_Data WHERE UserId2 = UserId)

INSERT INTO Usr_Type_Data (user_id, CustomerTypeId) VALUES(t1.UserId, 7)

GO
 The error I am getting in Query Analyzer (SQL SERVER 2000) is:
The name 'UserId' is not permitted in this context. Only constants, expressions, or variables allowed here. Column names are not permitted.

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Dec 30, 2004

I just wanted to wish everyone a Happy New Years and I wanted to thank all submitters to this forum for breaking up my code monkey workday and cutting into my productivity and I have found many of these discussions helpful in my preperation for my long procrastinated MCDBA exams.

Get hammered and do not drive.

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Dec 31, 2003

Just got cut loose...

have a safe and happy new year!

anyone seen my salt shaker?

damn what a time to misplace it....

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CLR-Based Trigger? Recursive Trigger? Common Table Expression?

Nov 14, 2006

Hey,

I'm new to this whole SQL Server 2005 thing as well as database design and I've read up on various ways I can integrate business constraints into my database. I'm not sure which way applies to me, but I could use a helping hand in the right direction.

A quick explanation of the various tables I'm dealing with:
WBS - the Work Breakdown Structure, for example: A - Widget 1, AA - Widget 1 Subsystem 1, and etc.
Impacts - the Risk or Opportunity impacts for the weights of a part/assembly. (See Assemblies have Impacts below)
Allocations - the review of the product in question, say Widget 1, in terms of various weight totals, including all parts. Example - September allocation, Initial Demo allocation, etc. Mostly used for weight history and trending
Parts - There are hundreds of Parts which will eventually lead to thousands. Each part has a WBS element. [Seems redundant, but parts are managed in-house, and WBS elements are cross-company and issued by the Government]
Parts have Allocations - For weight history and trending (see Allocations). Example, Nut 17 can have a September 1st allocation, a September 5th allocation, etc.
Assemblies - Parts are assemblies by themselves and can belong to multiple assemblies. Now, there can be multiple parts on a product, say, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), and so those parts can belong to a higher "assembly" [For example, there can be 3 Nut 17's (lower assembly) on Widget 1 Subsystem 2 (higher assembly) and 4 more on Widget 1 Subsystem 5, etc.]. What I'm concerned about is ensuring that the weight roll-ups are accurate for all of the assemblies.
Assemblies have Impacts - There is a risk and opportunity impact setup modeled into this design to allow for a risk or opportunity to be marked on a per-assembly level. That's all this table represents.

A part is allocated a weight and then assigned to an assembly. The Assemblies table holds this hierarchical information - the lower assembly and the higher one, both of which are Parts entries in the [Parts have Allocations] table.

Therefore, to ensure proper weight roll ups in the [Parts have Allocations] table on a per part-basis, I would like to check for any inserts, updates, deletes on both the [Parts have Allocations] table as well as the [Assemblies] table and then re-calculate the weight roll up for every assembly. Now, I'm not sure if this is a huge performance hog, but I do need to keep all the information as up-to-date and as accurate as possible. As such, I'm not sure which method is even correct, although it seems an AFTER DML trigger is in order (from what I've gathered thus far). Keep in mind, this trigger needs to go through and check every WBS or Part and then go through and check all of it's associated assemblies and then ensure the weights are correct by re-summing the weights listed.

If you need the design or create script (table layout), please let me know.

Thanks.

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Jul 20, 2005

Are there any limitations or gotchas to updating the same table whichfired a trigger from within the trigger?Some example code below. Hmmm.... This example seems to be workingfine so it must be something with my specific schema/code. We'reworking on running a SQL trace but if anybody has any input, fireaway.Thanks!create table x(Id int,Account varchar(25),Info int)GOinsert into x values ( 1, 'Smith', 15);insert into x values ( 2, 'SmithX', 25);/* Update trigger tu_x for table x */create trigger tu_xon xfor updateasbegindeclare @TriggerRowCount intset @TriggerRowCount = @@ROWCOUNTif ( @TriggerRowCount = 0 )returnif ( @TriggerRowCount > 1 )beginraiserror( 'tu_x: @@ROWCOUNT[%d] Trigger does not handle @@ROWCOUNT[color=blue]> 1 !', 17, 127, @TriggerRowCount) with seterror, nowait[/color]returnendupdate xsetAccount = left( i.Account, 24) + 'X',Info = i.Infofrom deleted, inserted iwhere x.Account = left( deleted.Account, 24) + 'X'endupdate x set Account = 'Blair', Info = 999 where Account = 'Smith'

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Generic Audit Trigger CLR C#(Works When The Trigger Is Attached To Any Table)

Dec 5, 2006

This Audit Trigger is Generic (i.e. non-"Table Specific") attach it to any tabel and it should work. Be sure and create the 'Audit' table first though.

The following code write audit entries to a Table called
'Audit'
with columns
'ActionType' //varchar
'TableName' //varchar
'PK' //varchar
'FieldName' //varchar
'OldValue' //varchar
'NewValue' //varchar
'ChangeDateTime' //datetime
'ChangeBy' //varchar

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;

public partial class Triggers
{
//A Generic Trigger for Insert, Update and Delete Actions on any Table
[Microsoft.SqlServer.Server.SqlTrigger(Name = "AuditTrigger", Event = "FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE")]

public static void AuditTrigger()
{
SqlTriggerContext tcontext = SqlContext.TriggerContext; //Trigger Context
string TName; //Where we store the Altered Table's Name
string User; //Where we will store the Database Username
DataRow iRow; //DataRow to hold the inserted values
DataRow dRow; //DataRow to how the deleted/overwritten values
DataRow aRow; //Audit DataRow to build our Audit entry with
string PKString; //Will temporarily store the Primary Key Column Names and Values here
using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection("context connection=true"))//Our Connection
{
conn.Open();//Open the Connection
//Build the AuditAdapter and Mathcing Table
SqlDataAdapter AuditAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Audit WHERE 1=0", conn);
DataTable AuditTable = new DataTable();
AuditAdapter.FillSchema(AuditTable, SchemaType.Source);
SqlCommandBuilder AuditCommandBuilder = new SqlCommandBuilder(AuditAdapter);//Populates the Insert command for us
//Get the inserted values
SqlDataAdapter Loader = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * from INSERTED", conn);
DataTable inserted = new DataTable();
Loader.Fill(inserted);
//Get the deleted and/or overwritten values
Loader.SelectCommand.CommandText = "SELECT * from DELETED";
DataTable deleted = new DataTable();
Loader.Fill(deleted);
//Retrieve the Name of the Table that currently has a lock from the executing command(i.e. the one that caused this trigger to fire)
SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT object_name(resource_associated_entity_id) FROM
ys.dm_tran_locks WHERE request_session_id = @@spid and resource_type = 'OBJECT'", conn);
TName = cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString();
//Retrieve the UserName of the current Database User
SqlCommand curUserCommand = new SqlCommand("SELECT system_user", conn);
User = curUserCommand.ExecuteScalar().ToString();
//Adapted the following command from a T-SQL audit trigger by Nigel Rivett
//http://www.nigelrivett.net/AuditTrailTrigger.html
SqlDataAdapter PKTableAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(@"SELECT c.COLUMN_NAME
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS pk ,
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE c
where pk.TABLE_NAME = '" + TName + @"'
and CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
and c.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME
and c.CONSTRAINT_NAME = pk.CONSTRAINT_NAME", conn);
DataTable PKTable = new DataTable();
PKTableAdapter.Fill(PKTable);

switch (tcontext.TriggerAction)//Switch on the Action occuring on the Table
{
case TriggerAction.Update:
iRow = inserted.Rows[0];//Get the inserted values in row form
dRow = deleted.Rows[0];//Get the overwritten values in row form
PKString = PKStringBuilder(PKTable, iRow);//the the Primary Keys and There values as a string
foreach (DataColumn column in inserted.Columns)//Walk through all possible Table Columns
{
if (!iRow[column.Ordinal].Equals(dRow[column.Ordinal]))//If value changed
{
//Build an Audit Entry
aRow = AuditTable.NewRow();
aRow["ActionType"] = "U";//U for Update
aRow["TableName"] = TName;
aRow["PK"] = PKString;
aRow["FieldName"] = column.ColumnName;
aRow["OldValue"] = dRow[column.Ordinal].ToString();
aRow["NewValue"] = iRow[column.Ordinal].ToString();
aRow["ChangeDateTime"] = DateTime.Now.ToString();
aRow["ChangedBy"] = User;
AuditTable.Rows.InsertAt(aRow, 0);//Insert the entry
}
}
break;
case TriggerAction.Insert:
iRow = inserted.Rows[0];
PKString = PKStringBuilder(PKTable, iRow);
foreach (DataColumn column in inserted.Columns)
{
//Build an Audit Entry
aRow = AuditTable.NewRow();
aRow["ActionType"] = "I";//I for Insert
aRow["TableName"] = TName;
aRow["PK"] = PKString;
aRow["FieldName"] = column.ColumnName;
aRow["OldValue"] = null;
aRow["NewValue"] = iRow[column.Ordinal].ToString();
aRow["ChangeDateTime"] = DateTime.Now.ToString();
aRow["ChangedBy"] = User;
AuditTable.Rows.InsertAt(aRow, 0);//Insert the Entry
}
break;
case TriggerAction.Delete:
dRow = deleted.Rows[0];
PKString = PKStringBuilder(PKTable, dRow);
foreach (DataColumn column in inserted.Columns)
{
//Build and Audit Entry
aRow = AuditTable.NewRow();
aRow["ActionType"] = "D";//D for Delete
aRow["TableName"] = TName;
aRow["PK"] = PKString;
aRow["FieldName"] = column.ColumnName;
aRow["OldValue"] = dRow[column.Ordinal].ToString();
aRow["NewValue"] = null;
aRow["ChangeDateTime"] = DateTime.Now.ToString();
aRow["ChangedBy"] = User;
AuditTable.Rows.InsertAt(aRow, 0);//Insert the Entry
}
break;
default:
//Do Nothing
break;
}
AuditAdapter.Update(AuditTable);//Write all Audit Entries back to AuditTable
conn.Close(); //Close the Connection
}
}


//Helper function that takes a Table of the Primary Key Column Names and the modified rows Values
//and builds a string of the form "<PKColumn1Name=Value1>,PKColumn2Name=Value2>,......"
public static string PKStringBuilder(DataTable primaryKeysTable, DataRow valuesDataRow)
{
string temp = String.Empty;
foreach (DataRow kColumn in primaryKeysTable.Rows)//for all Primary Keys of the Table that is being changed
{
temp = String.Concat(temp, String.Concat("<", kColumn[0].ToString(), "=", valuesDataRow[kColumn[0].ToString)].ToString(), ">,"));
}
return temp;
}
}

The trick was getting the Table Name and the Primary Key Columns.
I hope this code is found useful.

Comments and Suggestion will be much appreciated.

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Trigger - Require Help For Updating A Trigger Following An INSERT On Another Table

Oct 30, 2007

Table 1





First_Name

Middle_Name

Surname


John

Ian

Lennon


Mike

Buffalo

Tyson


Tom

Finney

Jones

Table 2




ID

F

M

S

DOB


1

Athony

Harold

Wilson

24/4/67


2

Margaret

Betty

Thathcer

1/1/1808


3

John

Ian

Lennon

2/2/1979


4

Mike

Buffalo

Tyson

3/4/04


5

Tom

Finney

Jones

1/1/2000


I want to be able to create a trigger that updates table 2 when a row is inserted into table 1. However I€™m not sure how to increment the ID in table 2 or to update only the row that has been inserted.

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Trigger - Require Help For Updating A Trigger Following An INSERT On Another Table

Feb 5, 2008

A





ID

Name


1

Joe


2

Fred


3

Ian


4

Bill


B





ID


1


4

I want to be able to create a trigger so that when a row is inserted into table A by a specific user then the ID will appear in table B. Is it possible to find out the login id of the user inserting a row?

I believe the trigger should look something like this:

create trigger test_trigger
on a
for insert
as
insert into b(ID)

select i.id
from inserted i
where
--specific USER

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Jul 23, 2005

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Jul 20, 2005

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Hi,
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This is a behaviour when you have an update trigger for the table. But I don't see any triggers under this table.
What else would cause the database automatically change my update?
Could there be any other place I should look for an update trigger on this table?
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Sep 20, 2007



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I have the following Trigger

the error is at

DROP TRIGGER @DeleteTrigger

I'm guessing it dosen't like the trigger name being a variable instead of a static name
how do i get around this?

thanks in advance

-- ================================================

-- Template generated from Template Explorer using:

-- Create Trigger (New Menu).SQL

--

-- Use the Specify Values for Template Parameters

-- command (Ctrl-Shift-M) to fill in the parameter

-- values below.

--

-- See additional Create Trigger templates for more

-- examples of different Trigger statements.

--

-- This block of comments will not be included in

-- the definition of the function.

-- ================================================

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

GO

-- =============================================

-- Author: <Author,,Name>

-- Create date: <Create Date,,>

-- Description: <Description,,>

-- =============================================

CREATE TRIGGER RemoveTriggers

ON tblTriggers

AFTER DELETE

AS

BEGIN

-- SET NOCOUNT ON added to prevent extra result sets from

-- interfering with SELECT statements.

SET NOCOUNT ON;

Declare @DeleteTrigger as nvarchar(max)

select @DeleteTrigger = TableName FROM DELETED



IF OBJECT_ID (@DeleteTrigger,'TR') IS NOT NULL

DROP TRIGGER @DeleteTrigger

GO

END

GO

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Jan 23, 2008



Hi,

I have a trigger set on TABLE1 so that any update to this column should set off trigger to write to the AUDIT log table, it works fine otherwise but not the very first time when table1 has null in the column. if i comment out

and i.req_fname <> d.req_fname from the where clause then it works fine the first time too. Seems like null value of the column is messing things up

Any thoughts?


Here is my t-sql


Insert into dbo.AUDIT (audit_req, audit_new_value, audit_field, audit_user)

select i.req_guid, i.req_fname, 'req_fname', IsNull(i.req_last_update_user,@default_user) as username from inserted i, deleted d

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Thanks,
leo

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Kind Regards,
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Feb 4, 2007

Hello
I am having difficulty try to get a trigger to work.
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Below is my querie
 
CREATE TRIGGER [trig_addTable_A]ON Table_A FOR  INSERT     ASINSERT LName (LName)
SELECT LNameFROM TableMain inserted
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Thanks
 
 

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Mar 11, 2007

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chri
 

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Mar 17, 2007

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Aug 14, 2007

Hi,
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"Overlap" means that this value cannot be betweent the values fo two different columns, that is why I need to go through all the table.
In case that was not possible, I propose the following, load the table in a dataset and check the constraint with a for loop despite of the performance could be decreased.
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Thanks in advance.
Cheers.

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Hi everybody
I work on a Project that has Inbox .
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 Best Regard
A.Doroudian

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Hello Experts,

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Feb 12, 2004

I am trying to write a trigger that alows me to re-arrange the order of items. For instance, if I insert a record with a SF_NEWS_Order of "1" then all records with an order of "1" or more would increase by 1. This allows me to insert a record in the list of priorities. For some reason, the trigger is not working. If I have reords with SF_NEWS_Order values as follows:

1
2
3

I end up with this:

1
1
2
3

Can someone help with this? The code of the existing trigger is below:

CREATE TRIGGER NEWS_PRIORITY ON [dbo].[TBL_SF_NEWS]
FOR INSERT, UPDATE
AS
Declare @Order_Code int
Declare @New_ID int
Declare @Exist_Record int

Set @New_ID = ( Select SF_NEWS_ID from Inserted )
Set @Order_Code = ( Select SF_NEWS_Order from Inserted )
Set @Exist_Record = ( Select SF_NEWS_ID from [dbo].[TBL_SF_NEWS] Where SF_NEWS_Order = @Order_Code and SF_NEWS_ID <> @New_ID )

If (@Exist_Record <> Null ) Begin
Update [dbo].[TBL_SF_News] Set SF_NEWS_Order = (@Order_Code + 1) Where SF_NEWS_ID = @Exist_Record
End

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Trigger

May 6, 2004

I have trigger firing during an update event. How can i fix the loop so this error will disappear..

Server: Msg 512, Level 16, State 1, Procedure TrigAssignImpTaskNew, Line 18
Subquery returned more than 1 value. This is not permitted when the subquery follows =, !=, <, <= , >, >= or when the subquery is used as an expression.
The statement has been terminated.






SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS OFF
GO

ALTER procedure TrigAssignImpTaskNew
@REIDint,
@RRID varchar(20)



AS
DECLARE @intREID varchar(20)
DECLARE @intIMID varchar(20)
DECLARE @intAPID varchar(20)
DECLARE @intCounter integer
Declare @RetValint

select @intCounter = count(*) from RequestRecords where REID = @REID
select @intAPID = (select APID from RequestRecords where reid = @REID and ITID = null and RRSTatus = 'PE')
select @intIMID = (select IMID from Applications_ImplementationGroup where apid = @intAPID)

while @intCounter <> 0
begin
insert into ImplementationTasks
(
IMID,
ITStatus,
ITStatusDate
)
VALUES
(
@intIMID,
'0',
GetDate()
)
SET @RetVal = @@IDENTITY


end

Update RequestRecords
set ITID = @RetVal,
RRStatus = 'PR'
where RRID = @RRID
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER OFF
GO
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO

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Row ID Trigger

May 27, 2004

Anyone knows how to make a good trigger to create a row id on a table every time a new row is inserted? This is to maintain row id sequence by not setting the row id field as an auto identity which may be in broken sequence after a while.
Thanks.

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Need Help With Trigger

Jul 31, 2004

I've looked all over the internet for articles on Triggers, but none of them do exactly what I need. Could someone please see if this trigger would work? CREATE TRIGGER DuplicateEmployeeTrigger
ON Employees
BEFORE INSERT
AS
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM Employees e, INSERTED i WHERE e.Forename = i.Forename AND e.Surname = i.Surname)
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
GO

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