Hierarchical Data Model

Sep 28, 2007

Hi,

I would like to know best way to design the database for the following requirement. I have a collection of tree nodes. each node has a type and set of attributes and a parent node (except for the node which has no parent). node type refers to the level of the node in the tree. child node inherits the attributes from the parent node (similar to object oriented programming where derived class inherits properties of the base class). user can add/update/delete nodes from the tree and user can choose to override the attributes of the parent node in child node.
what is best way to store this type of data? should there be a separate table for each node type (level in the tree). but the problem with this approach is that we need to duplicate the columns of the parent node, because user can overwrite the parent node attributes in the child node. there can be more than one at the same level and all of them share same set of attributes. this concept is exactly like inheritance in object oriented programming. as far as the data is concerned, there are around 15 levels, around 30K nodes and 30 attributes spread across different node levels.

thanks,
RK

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Hierarchical Table Functions Vs Hierarchical CTE

Jun 9, 2006

Recently I was in need of a hierarchical tree data. I learned about CTE and how they can be used to build hierarchical data with simple syntax. I used CTE and was through with the task. Later during free time, I tried to compare CTE approach with the traditional SQL 2K Table Function approach. It was surprising to see the query costs when I ran both the modes at one go...

Query Cost (relative to batch) : 0.49%
Query Text : Select * From fn_GetTree(8);

Query Cost (relative to batch) : 99.51%
Query Text : with treedata (id, parentid, status, prevStatus, lvl) as (select ...)


What does that indicate? Does it mean that the Table Function approach is much faster than CTE? I am sure that I was not making unwanted Joins in the CTE mode.

Can someone explain why that huge difference is there? And what the scenarios where CTE is better over Table Functions?

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May 1, 2006

How can I create a function that returns hierarchical data from a table with this structure:

- CategoryID
- CategoryName
- CategoryFather

I want to bring the result set like this...

CategoryID | CategoryName | CategoryFather | HierarchicalLevel
1 | Video | 0 | 0
2 | DivX | 1 | 1
3 | WMV | 1 | 1
4 | Programming | 0 | 0
5 | Web | 4 | 1
6 | ASP.Net | 5 | 2
7 | ColdFusion | 5 | 2


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Thanks.

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Apr 17, 2008

Hello

I have a problem that I am hoping somebody can help me with!

I have built a hierarchy using the adjacency list model so I have records with an id that maps to the parent record so my hierarchy looks something like this:-

Newspapers

National Newspapers

Daily Express

Express Publications
Express Supplements
Daily Mail

Mail Publications
Mail Supplements
Mirror

So my table would look like below:-

1 Newspapers Null
2 National Newspapers 1
3 Daily Express 2
4 Express Publications 3
5 Express Supplements 3

and so on. What I would like to be able to do is flatten out the hierarchy so I get something like below where each level is in a column.

NewsPapers National Newspapers Daily Express Express Publications
NewsPapers National Newspapers Daily Express Express Supplements

Ive used CTE's for displaying the hierarchy and producing aggregate figures when joing the hierarchy to spend information but am struggling to come up with any code that would produce a flattened hierarchy.

Any help would be greatly received!

Thanks

Rich


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Feb 17, 2006

hi folks,

I have to import hierarchical text files like:
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21;name;firstname;salutation;title;age;nickname
21;name;firstname;salutation;title;age;nickname
...

additionally I have to eleminate doubles. what is the best way for this problem ?
I have set up a flatfilesource with two columns and a conditional split on the first column
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Iam looking forward for any helping idea.

rgrds,
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Aug 3, 2013

CREATE TABLE #Source
(
Id int identity(1,1)
,categoryint
,Leaf_Node_code varchar(10) --
,Level1_Name varchar(20)
,Level2_Name varchar(20)

[Code] ....

Here category 1 has 3 levels ,

category 2 has 4 levels ,
category 3 has 5 levels ,

Below is the target table, here Leaf_Node_code should populate to only for leaf nodes for each category .. Need to populate Node_id with hierarchical data

I am unable frame a sql query to handle different levels , in future #Source may have more levels .

How to handle multiple hierarchy levels .. here only leaf node should have Leaf_Node_code

CREATE TABLE TARGET_TABLE
(
ID INT IDENTITY(1,1) primary key
,Node_id HIERARCHYID
,category int
,Parent_id int references TARGET_TABLE(id)
,Leaf_Node_code varchar(10)
,Namevarchar(20)
)

Here is the expected output:

IDcategoryParent_idLeaf_Node_codeName Node_id
11NULLNULLWorld
211NULLAsia
312101India
42NULLNULLa
524NULLaa
625NULLaaa
726102aaaa
83NULLNULLb
938NULLbb
1039NULLbbb
11310NULLbbbb
12311103bbbb

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I have two table. Department is hierarchical table.

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Users
--- Id
--- name
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This query return all data from departments. But i cannot understand how get data from users

SELECT t1.name AS lvl1, t2.name as lvl2, t3.name as lvl3
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LEFT JOIN Department AS t2 ON t2.parent = t1.id
LEFT JOIN Department AS t3 ON t3.parent = t2.id

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Oct 12, 2007



Hi,
in my application, the data is in hierarchical format. there is a tree with set of nodes having parent child relationships. this data can be stored either through adjacency or nested set model approach. this is fine. but the issue here is that each child node inherits the properties of its parent node, parent's parent node and so on until the root node. lets say root node has two attributes A1 and A2 and they are stored in two columns in a table. but its child nodes inherits this data from its parent and it has its own extra attributes. so should I copy parent's data for the child node as two additional columns? the problem is that there are around 15 levels in the tree and the attribute list grows from top to bottom in the tree. lets say I need to find all the attributes for a leaf node in the tree (both direct and inherited), if I am not storing the inherited attributes for each node, then I need to walk-up the tree and find all the inherited attributes. there are around 30K nodes and each node has around ten attributes. xml is not option because of large volumes of data and auditing and reporting on individual nodes. what is the best way to store this type of data? my current approach is to have an attribute table having nodeid as a foreign key and only store the direct and NOT the inherited attributes of the node in the table, but this means to find all the attributes for the node, I need to gather the attributes of all the parents until the root node. I can't see any easy way out for this.

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Feb 18, 2008

Hi All,

I am attempting to create a Visual C++ application based on displaying financial charts and am using SQL Express to store Stock information such as the Exchanges the stocks are traded on, the indicessectors they belong to and the Closing prices for as long as I can download data for. I am not proficient in C++ nor SQL and am using this project to learn both languages as well as making myself rich beyond my wildest dreams.

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tblStockExchange_ 4 column clmStockExchangeID (PK, int, NOT NULL)
clmParentID (int, null)
clmStockExchange (nvarchar(50), NOT NULL)
clmMarkets_ (FK, nchar(20), NOT NULL)

tblMarkets_ 1 column clmMarkets (PK, nchar(20), NOT NULL)

tblIndices_ 1 column clmIndices (PK, nchar(50), NOT NULL)

tblSectors_ 1 column clmSectors (PK, nchar(50), NOT NULL)

tblMarkets_Sectors 3 columns clmMarkets_SectorsID(PK, int, NOT NULL)
clmMarkets_ (FK, nchar(20), NOT NULL)
clmSectors_ (FK, nchar(50), NOT NULL)

tblSecurities_ 4 columns clmEPIC (PK, nchar(10), NOT NULL)
clmSecurity_Type (nchar(5), NOT NULL)
clmSecurty_Name (nchar(50), NOT NULL)
clmSectors_ (FK, nchar(50), NOT NULL)

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clmEPIC_ (FK, nchar(10), NOT NULL)
clmIndices_ (FK, nchar(50), NOT NULL)

tblSecurities_Date_OHLCV 8 columns clmOHLCVID (PK, int, NOT NULL)
clmEPIC_ (FK, nchar(10), NOT NULL)
clmDate_ (FK, smalldatetime, NOT NULL)
clmOpen (float, NOT NULL)
clmHigh (float, NOT NULL)
clmLow (float, NOT NULL)
clmClose (float, NOT NULL)
clmVolume (float, NOT NULL)

Why so many tables? perhaps you should put some more in...


This was the only way I could work out how to store one-to-one and one-to-many relationships required for:

- Many closing prices for many stocks
- Stocks belonging to many indices
- Stocks belonging to only one sector
- Stocks belonging to only one market (MainMarket or AIM for LSE)
- Stocks belonging to only one Exchange (I am aware of dual listed stocks but one thing at a time)

Why nchar's and not nvarchar's?

Because I didn't realise the benefits of nvarchar's until recently. How can I change this a loose the extra spaces in the cells.

Why do some tables have IDs and others don't?

I decided to put ID columns in for tables that didn't have obvious Primary Keys - if someone could explain the advantages if ID columns I would be grateful.

To the SQL Professional's eye there will be some obvious things wrong with this design and your criticism is welcome. The database I have is achieving what I would like it to do; I can plot charts using the data but I have ran into problems when trying to create a TreeView control which is what I would like to use as a navigational tool in my application.

It would seem that pulling hierarchal data from a relational database, to pass to the TreeView control, is a tricky task to say the least. I have found many articles online which discuss how to do this (using an Adjacency List Model or Nested Set Model) but they define a fairly simple example at the beginning (based on fruit or electrical goods) but don't appear to talk about gathering data from an existing relational database or changing an existing relational database so that it is more suited to storing hierarchal information. I have Joe Celko's - Tree and Hierachies in SQL for Smarties but sadly this fine material is a little beyond me!

I would like the hierarchy to look like this:

StockExchange

Market

Sector

Stock
Indices

Sector

Stock

I have written three queries to get the StockExchangeMarketSectorStock information individually from each table but am struggling with ways to put all the rows together, add left and right values (Nested Set Model) then run queries against this to get individual nodes to pass to the TreeView control. Therefore is there something I need to add to the original design?

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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Apr 22, 2015

I have the data in this format

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CVXX1  CVXX1NAME  CVX1
CV2      CV2NAME     CV
CVX2    CVX2NAME    CV2
CVXX2  CVXX2NAME  CVX2

How can i flatten this data into this format

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cv1        cv1name  cvx1        cvx1name    cvxx1     cvxx1name
cv2        cv2name  cvx2        cvx2name    cvxx2     cvxx2name

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Jun 22, 2015

I have hierarchical data such as:

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2     1         1
3     2         2
4     0         4
5     1         4
6     0         6
7     1         6
8     2         7
9     3         8        
10   4         9
11   0         11

As you can see even the parent element has parentId(in this case id = parentid)

How can I select the lowest level data in the hierarchy and get this result:

Id    Level    ParentId
3     2         2
5     1         4
10   4         9
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May 9, 2008

Hi all!
I am trying to organize a hierarchical data structure into a table. I need to have the possibility to set 2 parents for some nodes. Curently I see following two options:
Example 1
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Example 2
id    parent_id    name-----------------------------------1     0                 Level 1 Parent A2     0                 Level 1 Parent B3     1                 Level 2 Child3     2                 Level 2 Child
Is any of the two examples valid database logic wise? In fact, is it possible to achieve the requirement by using only one table?
Thanks in advance,

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Here is the sample table DDL and data

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(
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,continent_surface_area varchar(100)
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[code]....

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I apologize if this has been asked, but I can't find a complete answer.

We have a situation with parent/child tables which have an identity column as their PK. We need to be able to insert into the live tables from staging tables. The data in the staging tables are related via a surrogate key.

I have found the OUTPUT clause, but that can only refer to columns of the actual table (since there is no FROM clause in an INSERT). Our current best solution to this problem involves adding bogus "staging" columns to the destination tables, and removing them after we've inserted everything from staging. This is an unattractive solution to say the least.

I'll give an example that mirrors our actual solution, and ask if anyone has a better solution?
----------




Code Snippet
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TABLE_A](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[DATA] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
[STAGING_COLUMN] [bigint] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_TABLE_A] PRIMARY KEY ([ID] ASC)
)
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TABLE_B](
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
[A_ID] [int] NOT NULL,
[DATA] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
[STAGING_COLUMN] [bigint] NULL,
CONSTRAINT [PK_TABLE_B] PRIMARY KEY ([ID] ASC)
)
GO
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[TABLE_B]
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_TABLE_A_TABLE_B] FOREIGN KEY([A_ID]) REFERENCES [dbo].[TABLE_A] ([ID])
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[STAGE_TABLE_A](
[A_Key] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[DATA] [nchar](10) NOT NULL
)
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[STAGE_TABLE_B](
[B_Key] [bigint] NOT NULL,
[DATA] [nchar](10) NOT NULL,
[A_Key] [bigint] NOT NULL
)
GO


The STAGING_COLUMN columns are the ones that will be added before, and dropped after.






Code Snippet
DECLARE @TABLE_A_MAP TABLE (
A_ID INT,
A_Key BIGINT
)
INSERT INTO TABLE_A (DATA, STAGING_COLUMN)
OUTPUT INSERTED.ID, INSERTED.STAGING_COLUMN INTO @TABLE_A_MAP
SELECT DATA, A_Key FROM STAGE_TABLE_A
INSERT INTO TABLE_B (A_ID, DATA)
SELECT TAM.A_ID, STB.DATA
FROM STAGE_TABLE_B STB INNER JOIN @TABLE_A_MAP TAM ON TAM.A_Key = STB.A_Key






This seems to work, but I'd really like another alternative. Even though this is happening when nobody else is using the database, I cringe at the thought of adding and removing columns just to make this work.

Here are a few of my constraints:



The above is a simplification of the actual problem. The actual problem goes about five levels deep (hence the B_Key in STAGE_TABLE_B). At the top level, our larger customer will have 100,000 rows to insert. Each level will average 3 times as many rows as the next higher level, so we're talking about real volumes here.

This has to finish over the course of a weekend.

This has to be delivered to QA this Friday
Thanks for any help or insight.

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Data Model For A Web Messaging Application.

Jul 20, 2005

I need to develop an internal messaging sub-system that is similar toa web mail application but without SMTP support (e.g message routesare confined to the webapp domain). The requirements are rathersimple: Each user (e.g mailbox) can view incoming messages and hisoutgoing messages. Message quota is defined as the sum of all incomingand outgoing messages per userand tracked in the users' row (Users table – log_TotalMessages). Thequota is enforced by the business logic layer and not by the DB.I am considering the following data model for the storage component,and would appreciate community feedback:Table layout for incoming and outgoing messages************************************************CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Messages] ([MessageID] [int] IDENTITY (1, 1) NOT NULL , // The messageID[RecipientID] [int] NOT NULL , // The userid ('Users'Table)[SenderID] [int] NOT NULL , // The userid ('Users'Table)[GroupID] [uniqueidentifier] NULL , // Only assigned if theuser "replyed" to an incoming message[SubmitDate] [smalldatetime] NOT NULL , // the date of themessage[DeleteBySender] [bit] NOT NULL , // Since I want to maintain onlyone copy of each message I mark a message "to be deleted" and deleteonly if both are true.[DeleteByRecipient] [bit] NOT NULL ,[SeenByRecipient] [bit] NOT NULL , // Used to "highlight" unreadmessages[Subject] [tinyint] NOT NULL , // Subject is derived from a fixedlist[MessageText] [varchar] (2000) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_ASNOT NULL) ON [PRIMARY]CREATE INDEX [Messages_RecipientID_IDX] ON[dbo].[Messages]([RecipientID]) ON [PRIMARY]CREATE INDEX [Messages_SenderID_IDX] ON [dbo].[Messages]([SenderID])ON [PRIMARY]/* Send Message */CREATE PROCEDURE SendMessage (@IN_RecipientID int,@IN_SenderID int,@IN_GroupID uniqueidentifier,@IN_Subject tinyint,@IN_MessageText varchar(2000),@OUT_ERRCODE tinyint OUTPUT)ASBEGIN TRANSACTION SendMessageTransINSERT INTO Messages(RecipientID,SenderID,GroupID,SubmitDate,Subject,MessageText)VALUES (@IN_RecipientID,@IN_SenderID,@IN_GroupID,GETDate(),@IN_Subject,@IN_MessageText)UPDATE UsersSET log_NumberOfNewMessages = log_NumberOfNewMessages + 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @IN_RecipientIDUPDATE UsersSET log_TotalMessages = log_TotalMessages + 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @IN_SenderIDSAVE TRANSACTION SendMessageTransSET @OUT_ERRCODE = @@errorIF (@@error <> 0)BEGINROLLBACK TRANSACTION SendMessageTransENDELSEBEGINCOMMIT TRANSACTION SendMessageTransEND/* ReadMessage */CREATE PROCEDURE ReadMessage (@IN_MessageID int,@IN_RecipientID int,@OUT_ERRCODE tinyint OUTPUT)ASBEGIN TRANSACTION ReadMessageTransSELECT MessageText FROM Messages WHERE MessageID = @IN_MessageIDUPDATE Messages SET SeenByRecipient = 1 WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageIDUPDATE Users SET log_NumberOfNewMessages =log_NumberOfNewMessages - 1 WHERE usr_AccountNo = @IN_RecipientIDSAVE TRANSACTION ReadMessageTransSET @OUT_ERRCODE = @@errorIF (@@error <> 0)BEGINROLLBACK TRANSACTION ReadMessageTransENDELSEBEGINCOMMIT TRANSACTION ReadMessageTransEND/* Delete Message */CREATE PROCEDURE DeleteMessage (@IN_MessageID int,@IN_DeleteIncomingMessage bit,@IN_DeleteOutgoingMessage bit,@OUT_ERRCODE tinyint OUTPUT)ASBEGIN TRANSACTION DeleteMessageTransDECLARE @Recipient intDECLARE @Sender intSET @Recipient = (SELECT RecipientID FROM Messages WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageID)SET @Sender = (SELECT SenderID FROM Messages WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageID)IF (@IN_DeleteIncomingMessage = 1)BEGINIF((SELECT DeleteBySender FROM Messages WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageID) = 1)BEGINDELETE FROM Messages WHERE MessageID = @IN_MessageIDUPDATE Users SET log_TotalMessages = log_TotalMessages - 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @RecipientENDELSEBEGINUPDATE Messages SET DeleteByRecipient = 1 WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageIDUPDATE Users SET log_TotalMessages = log_TotalMessages - 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @RecipientENDENDIF (@IN_DeleteOutgoingMessage = 1)BEGINIF((SELECT DeleteByRecipient FROM Messages WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageID) = 1)BEGINDELETE FROM Messages WHERE MessageID = @IN_MessageIDUPDATE Users SET log_TotalMessages = log_TotalMessages - 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @SenderENDELSEBEGINUPDATE Messages SET DeleteBySender = 1 WHERE MessageID =@IN_MessageIDUPDATE Users SET log_TotalMessages = log_TotalMessages - 1WHERE usr_AccountNo = @SenderENDENDSAVE TRANSACTION DeleteMessageTransSET @OUT_ERRCODE = @@errorIF (@@error <> 0)BEGINROLLBACK TRANSACTION DeleteMessageTransENDELSEBEGINCOMMIT TRANSACTION DeleteMessageTransEND/* ListIncomingMessages */CREATE PROCEDURE ListIncomingMessages (@IN_RecipientID int)ASSELECT SenderID, MessageID, SubmitDate FROM Messages WHERE RecipientID= @IN_RecipientID AND DeleteByRecipient = 0 ORDER BY SubmitDate DESC/* ListOutgoingMessages */CREATE PROCEDURE ListOutgoingMessages (@IN_SenderID int)ASSELECT RecipientID, MessageID, SubmitDate FROM Messages WHERE SenderID= @IN_SenderID AND DeleteBySender = 0 ORDER BY SubmitDate DESCThanks in advance!-Itai

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